Most hand made rugs can be classified as carpets or kilims. Hand made
carpets have a woven backing of warp and weft. The thickness of the
carpet comes from the pile, which is made of colorful knotted yarn.
There are two basic knots used in carpet making. Persian carpets are
made with single knots, and Turkish carpets are made with double knots.
Kilims are rugs without any
pile, whose weft is made of colored yarn.
A cigem is an embroidered
kilim. A sumak is a kilim which is woven with locking knots.
Makes of carpets ;
BERGAMA
The district of İzmir and to the north of İzmir.The carpets this area from almost entirely of nomad or semi -nomad
origin,and owe their names to the city where they are send sale.The three most important weaving centers of the Bergama region are Yağcıbedir,Yuntdağ and Kazak.
The most important traditional characteristic of this carpets are that
the base compositions are made of geometrial divisions .The designs being in harmony with the base design are geometrical too.As in all
turkish carpets ,Bergama rugs use the Turkısh knot.The looms used in the Bergama area are almost exclusively horizontal The warp andwift
is in wool and only within the last few decades has cotton been
introducet.
A characteristic by wich to identifya Bergama rug is the weft threatds
arealmost always red and as many as three or four are used between the
rows of knots .İf you look at the back of a Bergama rug ,you can see the red stripes formed by the weft threads the fairly deep pile is all
ways wool of good quality and luster . Another peculiarity of Bergama rugs is that they are nearly square in
shape.they are usually found in all sizes.
DOŞEMEALTI
These carpets are made by Yorük,s,semi -nomadıc tribes who live near the acean
on the warm plains in the summer months The villages Antalya ,on the mediterranean coast ,are the main producing centres of this type of carpet which are made of wool and dyes produced by the nomads themselves.
the predominant colours allways bright red and blue ,with a smaller amount of white .Distinctive patterns in the borders are the
sheep,seye and knifetip and the (hands on hips )motif ,and age pld symbol
denoting female fertility which dates back to the time when tribes worshipped mother goddesses .
The field is usually taken up by a large red double mihrab ,edged in ram,s horn motif often the shape of the double mihrab is cut into
by two traingles on either side.ears of grein representing fertility
and carnations are frequently seen .if there is a tree of life ,it is generally made up of carnations,(the flowers of the people)sometimes
one can see a strange motif a stylized representation of the human figure which used to guard againts evil.
KAYSERI
The town of Kayseri ,situated in central Turkey,has been famous as a carpet making centre for centuries .karpets and kilims of Kayseri are of
various types .silk carpets artificial silk and wool (floss),natural
wool(no dyes ),Bünyan ,Hacılar and Pınarbaşı carpets are the major cate
gories produced. The Kayseri floss carpets with silk looking yarns in bright colours ,have found favour with Europeans with their attractive designs.They look
very wery much like silk carpets to foreigners.in the floss carpets chemical
dyes are used ,because the yarn (floss)can only be dyed with chemicals.
Cotton is used as warp and weft and floss is used for the knots.These carpets are considerad masterpieces of Kayseri and as such are sought
out by dealers to sell to the foregn trade ,but large sizes are rather
rare and difficult to find.
Sometimes Kayseri carpets are woven entirely in silk .Bünyan ,Hacılar and Pınarbaşı carpets are often in floral designs of a
typical oriantal carpet .The yarn is cotton and the wool is dyed with
vegatable dyes.These carpets are made in different sizes ;from pillow sizes of62by 100 centimetres to the lerge sexteen metre square carpet .Kayseri natural wool carpets have all the properties of the above carpets except there not not as many colours used.Colours of white cream
light and dark brown sometimes black are used in this types of carpets.
KILIMS
The range of colours and compositions found in kilims is enormous ,from
intricate designs in natural, undyed wool to simple,vividly coloured geometric patterns .Anatolia is the bridge and crossroads between Asia
and Europe ,and the intermingling of peples and cultures that has always been part of the atmosphere continues today .The population of modern Turkey is a mix of kurts ,Armenians ,Assyrians ,Yoruk and Turkish peoples ,Greeksand many
others.Of these the Yoruk and Kurds have made and continue to make most of
the kilims of Anatolia as part of agreat tribal and family tradition
The turkish and İslamic domination in Asia Minor has result in abstrac
kilim designs and in the geometrification of natural forms ,such as animals and plants .there is a complex and uncharted evolution of designs ,mixing pagan past with the rigitgeometric patterns of islam.
Adding to this is the movement of tribes all over Anatolia due to political and military reasons ,resulting in a melting port of kilim designs.
Anatolia is the leader of kilim producing nations in both its uality and uality of modern production .To satisfy the demand of Turkish
kilims a few modifications have been made .For example the woll used
in modern production is often purchased pre-spun and dyed -ready for use.But in spite of modern tecnology village prduction still exists
,and howower hard it tries ,western influence will never completely take
over kilim production in Turkey ,because the roots of tribal traditions are deep within the weavers ninds .
MILAS
Milas is the centre of a weaving area in Western Turkey near Bodrum .It givesits name to all the carpets produced in the region.Those made
in the immedate area of Milas are different in style the those made in
south-west Penisula ,araund the centre of Karaova.There are four sub -types which constitute the Milas family;the prayer
carpet with the lozange shapet niche ,the bright red medallion Milas,the anti ue Milas which is woven in shades of red brown and yellow,
and the Ada Milas which is quite restrained in design.The prayer rugs are the most important sub -type with their unusual
shaped Mihrab ,alongsded,terminating in a lozange ,representing the immortality of the soul .Carpets from no other regions have mihrabs
in this shape.The Milas motifs are higly stylized and vivid imagination is needed to
recognize in them a flower or tree of life .the border is usually a wide band decorated by diamond shapes alternatively with higly stylized
flowers. Beside this band is often a narrow border which is almost always in a pile color and decorated with rosettes or stars enclosed
in octagons.
TASPINAR
Taspinar is a small hamlet in the carpet weaving area of Konya. Taspinar produces exse
ppoduces excellent carpets of a thickpile,knotted in high uality wool.
They have a predominantly blue and red field enlivened by delicate motifs in lighter shades .the yarn is dyed with natural wegatable dyes by
the Caucasıan metods .Taspinar carpets are among the most beautiful of
all Anatolian carpets .İn the old Taşpınar carpets the persian influence can be seen which are plant figures and geometric designs used simultaneously .
However the rich colours and beautifully proportioned somewhat formal design prevent this unusual mixture from displeasing the eye
.Wellcared for ,old Taşpınars have wonderful silk like ualty .As the lanolin in the wool rises to the surface it gives the pile a soft rich velvety sheen. New Taspinars are made of the same rich colours as the oldones ,but the designs are becoming more waried .Caucasian and Nomatic
patterns have become more regular in recent years.
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